Think roam warm and temperate waters throughout the world. Originally fished by harpoon, swordfish are now caught mostly by longline and gillnet, often on the high seas hundreds of miles from land. The firm, juicy white meat of swordfish is a favorite of chefs in the U.S., the world’s largest single market for swordfish. A big, voracious predator, swordfish can exceed 1,000 pounds. 
 
Although the U.S. is a major market for swordfish, consuming an estimated 15,000 tons a year, American fishermen catch just 5% of the annual worldwide swordfish catch.
 
Almost 100,000 tons of swordfish are caught each year. Japan is the world’s leading producer, catching more than 20,000 tons a year, followed by Taiwan.
Most of the swordfish caught by U.S. fishermen is landed in California, Hawaii, Massachusetts and Florida. 
 
Swordfish landed on the East Coast average less than 100 pounds apiece, substantially smaller than the sword landed on the West Coast and Hawaii. 
The term “clipper” sword refers to swordfish that are processed by high-seas longliners that catch and freeze sashimi-quality fish. 
 
As swordfish migrate across large areas of the ocean, landings from some areas are highly seasonal, especially in the more temperate waters at the extremes of the animal’s migratory range. In California, for example, swordfish are only landed in significant quantities from October to January. Off the Northeast U.S., swordfish are landed from July to October. However, in warmer waters, such as off Hawaii, swordfish are landed year-round.
 
While swordfish landings vary depending upon the time of year, they also fluctuate depending upon the cycle of the moon. Since swordfish are harder to catch when the moon is bright (making the lightsticks fishermen attach to their longlines less effective), most swordfish boats will offload their catch when the moon is full, temporarily glutting the fresh market. As a result, the best buys on fresh swordfish are usually during the full moon. 
 
Although most swordfish are landed in warmer water, Canadian fishermen from Nova Scotia land more than 1,000 tons of sword each summer as the big fish migrate along the edges of the Gulf Stream feeding on mackerel. 
Fresh swordfish “bullets” are landed headed and gutted, with their tail on and fins off. Bullets larger than 100 pounds are called “markers,” 50 to 99 pounds are called “mediums,” and 25 to 49 pounds are called “pups.” 
October is normally a good time of year to promote swordfish as fresh landings from California and the Northeast peak, driving prices lower. 

In El Nino years, when waters are warmer than normal off the West Coast, swordfish may be landed as far north as Oregon and Washington.


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